Project MK-Ultra was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and intended to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used during interrogations to weaken people and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. It began in 1953 and was halted in 1973.
MKUltra used numerous methods to manipulate its subjects' mental states and brain functions, such as the covert administration of high doses of psychoactive drugs (especially LSD) and other chemicals without the subjects' consent, electroshocks, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, isolation, verbal and sexual abuse, and other forms of torture.
MKUltra was preceded by Project ARTICHOKE. It was organized through the CIA's Office of Scientific Intelligence and coordinated with the United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories. The program engaged in illegal activities, including the use of U.S. and Canadian citizens as unwitting test subjects. MK-Ultra's scope was broad, with activities carried out under the guise of research at more than 80 institutions aside from the military, including colleges and universities, hospitals, prisons, and pharmaceutical companies. The CIA operated using front organizations, although some top officials at these institutions were aware of the CIA's involvement.
| Subproject | Description | Personnel | Location(s) | Year(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subproject A | [PDF] | ||||
| Subproject B | [PDF] | ||||
| Subproject C | [PDF] | ||||
| Subproject D | [PDF] | ||||
| Subproject 1 | Isolate and characterize the alkaloids of ipomoea sidalia choisy (Rivea Corymbosa) | Contractor: Clearence: TOP SECRET CIA Monitor(s): | Princeton University | 1953 ―1954 | |
| Subproject 2 | Miscellaneous research and testing services in behavioral modification. 1. Study the possible synergistic action of drugs which may be appropriate for use in abolishing consciousness through animal experimentation. 2. Survey of methods to enable the administration of drugs to patients without their knowledge. | Contractor: James Hamilton Clearence: TOP SECRET CIA Monitor(s): | Stanford University | 1953― 1958 | |
| Subproject 3 (Operation Midnight Climax) | Realistic field testing of R&D items of interest to Technical Services Staff. This is the infamous safehouses known as Operation Midnight Climax. | Contractor: George White (alias Morgan Hall, “a seaman”) Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | New York City and San Francisco, California | 1953― 1956 | |
| Subproject 4 | Subprojects 4, 15, and 19 are to fund the contractor, a magician, to write a manual on the various aspects of the magicians’ art which could be useful in covert operations. The result was Mulholland’s Manual, declassified and published in 2009 as The Official CIA Manual of Trickery and Deception. | Contractor: John Mulholland Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1953 ― 1954 | ||
| Subproject 5 | Successful demonstration of “potentialities of hypnosis as a tool of the clandestine services”. Research in hypnosis was to determine if: hypnosis could be used as a memory enhancer, a learning aid, a polygraph deceiver, etc. Also,research into susceptibility of certain personality types to hypnosis. |
Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1953 ― 1956 | ||
| Subproject 6 | Develop reliable source of LSD within the United States and assist in the search for additional natural hypnotic products. Previously supplier, Sandoz, based in Switzerland. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1953 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 7 | LSD basic research. The studies included the use of LSD in therapy. As far as is known, subjects in this experimentation were witting. Funds are included for the payment of subjects. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1952 ― 1956 | ||
| Subproject 8 | Study of the biochemical, neurophysiological, sociological, and clinical psychiatric aspects of LSD, and also a study of LSD antagonists and drugs related to LSD, such as L.A.E. (Lysergic Acid Ethylamide). Testing upon human volunteers. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1953 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 9 | Study various depressant drugs which may more adequately control the maniacal psychotic patient, and test drugs that may help alcoholics and schizophrenics. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1954 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 10 | Study tested and evaluated the effect of LSD and alcohol when administered to individuals falling under various personality categories. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1952 ― 1957 | ||
| Subproject 11 | Developing and stockpiling toxins. Identify and produce in sufficient quantity for experimentation the active ingredients in certain seeds and plants. Preparation of a supply of the toxic protein, Abrin. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1953 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 12 | Isolate and investigate the chemicals responsible for the biological activities of materia1spresent in the bark of Piscidia Erythrina. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1953 ― 1954 |
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| Subproject 13 | Funding of Agency activity at Fort Detrick, Maryland. Petty cash fund for use where proper channels for a given activity will require an undesirable amount of written or oral justification. Expedient purchase of materials. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | 1953 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 14 | OPERATION BLACK Payment to the Federal Bureau of Narcotics for the services of George White. Harry Anslinger, Commissioner of Narcotics. | Contractor: Clearence: CIA Monitor(s): | July to November 1953 | ||
| Subproject 15 | Subprojects 4, 15, and 19 are to fund the contractor, a magician, to write a manual on the various aspects of the magicians’ art which could be useful in covert operations. The result was Mulholland’s Manual, declassified and published in 2009 as The Official CIA Manual of Trickery and Deception. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1953 ― 1954 | ||
| Subproject 16 | A continuation of Subproject No. 3 for realistic testing of R&D items of interest to Technical Services Staff. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1953 ― 1954 | ||
| Subproject 17 | Synthesis of LSD and related compounds by chemical means; and learning the metabolism, site of action, etc., of LSD and related compounds. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1953 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 18 | Technical Services Division authorized to spend $400,000 for the purchase of LSD from Eli Lilly. ($400,000 obligated of which only $l,337.45 expended) | Contractor: Clearence: | December 1953 | ||
| Subproject 19 | Subprojects 4, 15, and 19 are to fund the contractor, a magician, to write a manual on the various aspects of the magicians’ art which could be useful in covert operations. The result was Mulholland’s Manual, declassified and published in 2009 as The Official CIA Manual of Trickery and Deception. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1953 ― 1954 | ||
| Subproject 20 | Prepare a supp1y of the dimannich derivative of Yohimbine hydrochloride for use in other approved projects. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1953 | ||
| Subproject 21 | The original concept was to test the pharmacological activity of various materials (provided by Dr. Geschickter, acting as a cut-out)of interest to the Agency. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1953 | ||
| Subproject 22 | Isolate compounds from natural products which have psychogenic properties. Initially research was done en seeds from the plant Ipomoea sidaefolia Choisy, a Mexican and Cuban trailing vine. Rivea Corymbosa and, the fungus Amanita Muscaria, a mushroom. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1954 ― 1963 | ||
| Subproject 23 | Synthesize new drugs and modify old ones to determine their effectiveness in modifying behavior and the function of the central nervous system. | Contractor: Clearence: | University of Richmond | 1954 | |
| Subproject 24 | Fund meetings at sterile locations for brain-storming sessions by MKULTRA contractors. |
Contractor: Clearence: | 1954 | ||
| Subproject 25 | To determine the applicability of hypnosis techniques for Agency operational usage. | Contractor: Alden Sears Clearence: | University of Minnesota | 1954 ― 1955 | |
| Subproject 26 | Sub-Project No. 26 is a follow-on from No. 9. Human testing on volunteers of drugs which may aid in the treatment of the schizophrenic patient by either altering his metabolism or producing sedation. | Contractor: Carl Pfeiffer Clearence: | University of Illinois | 1955 ― 1955 | See Subproject 9 |
| Subproject 27 | LSD basic research. The studies included the use of LSD in therapy. As far as is known, subjects in this experimentation were witting. Funds are included for the payment of subjects. | Contractor: Harold Abramson Clearence: | 1952 ― 1956 | See Subprojects 7, 33, and 40 | |
| Subproject 28 | Study in animals and man drugs, essentially depressants, which affect the central nervous system. |
Contractor: Carl Pfeiffer Clearence: | Emory University | 1954 ― 1955 | |
| Subproject 29 | To fund work on hypnosis. The scope was increased to acquiring extensive psychological profiles of all subjects in an effort to develop significant keys to hypnotic susceptibility which may be adaptable to field use. | Contractor: Alden Sears Clearence: | University of Denver | 1954 ― 1955 | |
| Subproject 30 | To add money to a petty cash fund to support an Agency activity at Fort Detrick. | Contractor: Clearence: | Ft. Detrick, Maryland | 1958 ― 1960 | See Subproject 13 |
| Subproject 31 | To supply TSD/CB (Technical Service Division/Chemical Branch) 2 kilograms of a rare organic chemical that is not commercially available. | Contractor: Pedlow Nease Chemical Company, Inc Clearence: |
Lock Haven, Pennsylvania | 1954 | See Subprojects 4 and 20 |
| Subproject 32 | To study medicinally active plants which have ingredients of interest to the Agency. This is a continuation of Sub-Project No. 12. |
Contractor: Clearence: | 1954 ― 1955 | See Subproject 12 | |
| Subproject 33 | Provide funds to correct an error amounting to $400 which arose in calculating the service project on Project 27. | Contractor: Harold Abramson Clearence: | 1954 | See Subproject 27 | |
| Subproject 34 | The application of the magicians’ art to covert activities. | Contractor: John Mulholland Clearence: | 1955 ― 1958 | See Subprojects 4, 15, and 19 | |
| Subproject 35 | To further Technical Services Division’s chemical and biological requirements, a single, non-recurring grant ($375,000) was made to Georgetown Hospital for a new Research Wing (the Gorman building). The arrangement would permit Agency-sponsored research projects, using Agency personnel, to be carried out in the new wing without being aware of CIA interest. | Contractor: Charles Geschickter Clearence: | Georgetown Hospital | 1955 | |
| Subproject 36 | To provide funds for a symposium on behavior modification, where MKULTRA principals may exchange ideas in their particular fields. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1954 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 37 | To produce, grow, test and evaluate certain botanicals of interest to CIA. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1954 | ||
| Subproject 38 | To investigate the psychological effects of the drugs chlorpromazine, meratron, serpentine, and bulbocapnine upon human beings. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1954 ― 1955 | ||
| Subproject 39 | To exploit the research potential represented by a group of 142 criminal-sexual psychopaths confined at the Ionic State Hospital. The Agency believed that patients had the same kind of motivation for withholding certain information that is comparable to operational interrogation situations in the field. | Contractor: Clearence: | Ionic State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, Michigan | 1954 ― 1959 | |
| Subproject 40 | LSD basic research. The studies included the use of LSD in therapy. As far as is known, subjects in this experimentation were witting. Funds are included for the payment of subjects. | Contractor: Harold Abramson Clearence: | 1952 ― 1956 | See Subprojects 7 and 27 | |
| Subproject 41 | To fund the synthesis of rare organic chemicals that were not commercially available. (Encloxy-3-Methyl-Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride and N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine) | Contractor: Pedlow Nease Chemical Company, Inc Clearence: | Lock Haven, Pennsylvania | 1955 | See Subprojects 20 and 31 |
| Subproject 42 | Support and realistically field test certain R&D items of interest to Technical Services Division and to maintain physical facilities required for these trials – also for the covert administration of physiologically active materials to unwitting subjects. The files indicate that Sub-Project No. 42 is a continuation of No. 16, with Morgan Hall’s facilities moved from New York City to San Francisco. | Contractor: Morgan Hall (alias for George H. White, Bureau of Narcotics) Clearence: | San Francisco | 1955 ― 1964 | |
| Subproject 43 | Study to perform research in the field of psychology of the dissociated states and of hypnosis. | Contractor: Louis J. West Clearence: | University of Oklahoma | 1955 ― 1956 | |
| Subproject 44 | The objective of this research was to develop screening and bio-assay techniques for psychotomimetic (capable of producing a psychotic-like state) agents which do not involve human testing. The work was not classified. | Contractor: Clearence: | University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago | 1956 ― 1958 | |
| Subproject 45 | This project involved the search for, and preliminary testing of, materials (not mentioned) which might alter consciousness and have other physiologic effects (alteration of blood pressure, cardiovascular responses, body temperature or anti-cancer properties). | Contractor: Charles Geschickter Clearence: | University of Richmond |
1955 ― 1963 | |
| Subproject 46 | Research into the mechanics and effects of LSD: (l) Develop a specific antidote; (2) a sensitive method for assaying it in urine and in blood; (3) a screening system for psycho-chemicals; (4) determine the relationship between chemical structures and biological activity in this type material; (5) study the structural relationship between LSD-25 and other similar materials now available. Sponsors: Eli Lilly Company and Public Health Service. | Contractor: Harold Hodge Clearence: | 1955 ― 1963 | ||
| Subproject 47 | Study drugs affecting the central nervous system, looking towards an anti-interrogation drug. Also, to screen and evaluate hallucinogenic materials of interest to Technical Services Division. Testing on human volunteers at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary. | Contractor: Carl Pfeiffer Clearence: | Emory University, New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institute, Atlanta Federal Penitentiary | 1955 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 48 | (1) Chinese Project which uses (2) Psychological study of defectors (3) Studied Communist indoctrination techniques and stress psychology in general. |
Contractor: Clearence: | Cornell University Medical School | 1955 | This project also created the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology as a cut-out mechanism. |
| Subproject 49 | Research into the nature of hypnosis and possible operational uses including the use of hypnosis as a learning aid; use in interrogation and counter-interrogation. Uses and limitations of hypnosis. | Contractor: Aldan Sears Clearence: | Psychology Department at the University of Denver, Colorado | 1956 | See Subprojects 5, 25 and 29 |
| Subproject 50 | To supplement a petty cash at Ft. Detrick. (cancelled by Technical Services Division who did not want the accountings to go outside MKULTRA procedures) | Contractor: Clearence: | Fort Detrick, Maryland | 1955 | See Subprojects 30 and 13 |
| Subproject 51 | Isolate, characterize and identify naturally occurring compounds with psychogenic properties. Much of this work was done with mushrooms. | Contractor: James Monroe Clearence: | University of Delaware | 1955 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 52 | Provided consulting services on procurement and preparation of chemicals for Technical Services Division. Procured botanical specimens, primarily mushrooms, on field trips. | Contractor: James Monroe Clearence: | University of Delaware | 1958 | |
| Subproject 53 | Review overt Russian and American pharmacological literature with respect to the problems of Technical Services Division. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1955 ― 1956 | ||
| Subproject 54 | To study the mechanism of brain concussion. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1955 | ||
| Subproject 55 | Discover the pharmacological effects of certain groups of compounds prepared by and associates of the Department of Pathology. Animal tests were conducted. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1956 | ||
| Subproject 56 | Alcohol Research – Determining effectiveness of food in delaying alcohol absorption; effectiveness of sympathominetic drugs in delaying absorption; develop a test of alcohol tolerance. | Contractor: Clearence: | Stanford University or Medicine | 1956 ― 1960 | |
| Subproject 57 | Perform research on sleep and on insomnia – with emphasis on narcosis induced sleep. | Contractor: Clearence: | George Washington University | 1956 ― 1957 | |
| Subproject 58 | Finance an expedition, headed by Gordon Wasson for the purpose of studying and collecting hallucinogenic species of mushrooms of interest to TSS/CD. Sponsor J. P. Morgan & Co. of New York unwitting of Agency sponsorship. | Contractor: Gordon Wasson Clearence: | South America | 1956 | |
| Subproject 59 | Pharmacological testing and evaluation of certain chemical compounds that might have properties of interest to Technical Services Division. | Contractor: Clearence: | University of Maryland | 1956 ― 1957 | |
| Subproject 60 | This project established a covert funding mechanism, the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, Inc., (SIHE), for the support of sociological and psychological studies. Prior to SIHE, this activity was part of the Human Ecology Study Program of Cornell University, which sponsored, with Agency financial assistance, studies primarily at Cornell. Many projects of little or no direct value to CIA were funded, primarily to develop the cover of SIHE as a legitimate Foundation. | Contractor: Clearence: | Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, Inc., New York City. |
1956 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 61 | Study the role of the human brain in overall adaptive behavior. Specifically, the relationship of changes in behavior due to stress to changes in behavior brought about by loss of cerebral tissues. | Contractor: Harold Wolff, Cornell University Medical School Clearence: | Ithaca, New York | 1956 ― 1960 | |
| Subproject 62 | Finance studies on the effect of physical and chemical agents on the central nervous system of anthropoids (man-like animals) at National Institute of Health and unspecified involvement with “an LSD Project”. | Contractor: Maitland Balwin, National Institute of Health Clearence: | Bethesda, Maryland | 1956 ― 1963 | |
| Subproject 63 | The purpose of this project is to maintain the professional services of Robert Hyde to the technical Services Division. Field work observation in taverns and private parties relating to psychopharmaceuticals and alcohol. | Contractor: Robert Hyde Clearence: | 1956 ― 1961 | See Subprojects 8, 10 and 66 | |
| Subproject 64 | To compensate Dr. Geschickter for personal services rendered but not charged against the funding mechanism account. These services were said to include consultations in personnel and facilities for research programs, covert procurement of drugs and other material, time spent on cover activities with the fund, and personal time spent in covert testing of materials and gadgetry not connected with Geschickter’s Fund projects. | Contractor: Charles F. Geschickter, M.D. Clearence: | Washington, D.C. | 1955 ― 1956 | |
| Subproject 65 | study on Hungarian defectors of factors which influence human behavior that could be used for achieving intelligence objectives. There were three efforts: (1) To better understand factors which cause an individual to defect, commit treason or change loyalties; (2) To develop skills by which potential defectors can be detected; and (3) To develop methods for increasing the chances of defection of various target individuals. | Contractor: Clearence: | Cornell University | 1957 ― 1958 | |
| Subproject 66 | test a number of techniques for predicting a given individual’s reactions to LSD-25, other psychochemicals and alcohol. | Contractor: Robert Hyde Clearence: | Butler Hospital and Health Center | 1956 ― 1960 | |
| Subproject 67 | Library searches, consultation assessment and evaluation of data submitted by Technical Services Division. Translation and transcription services. | Contractor: Clearence: | University of Indiana | 1957 | |
| Subproject 68 | To study the effect upon human behavior of the repetition of verbal signals. Patients were treated with LSD-25 and other similar agents to break down patterns of behavior. The plan included intensive repetition of prearranged verbal signals. Patient were kept in sensory isolation then continuous sleep for seven to ten days. Dr. Cameron completed over 100 cases. | Contractor: Ewen Cameron Clearence: | Allan Memorial Institute of Psychiatry at McGill University, Montreal, Canada | 1957 ― 1959 (?) | |
| Subproject 69 | To interview Hungarian refugees regarding Sociology of the Communist system in the throes of revolution | Contractor: Ray Stephenson and Jay Schulman Clearence: | Rutgers University | 1957 | |
| Subproject 70 | Develop a temporary incapacitant drug (“Knockout drug”) and to define mechanisms involved in producing involuntary sleep and related unconscious states. Testing was conducted en animals. | Contractor: Clearence: | Stanford University | 1957 ― 1961 | See Subprojects 57, 71, 72 |
| Subproject 71 | The purpose of this project was to continue the utilization of Dr. Dr. Wallace Chan who during this period was located at the department of Medicine, Neurology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine. He did clinical testing and evaluation of anti-interrogation drugs, monitored other projects being performed at Stanford, attempted to develop miniatured polygraph, reviewed literature, attended and reported on meetings, and acted as a consultant. | Contractor: Dr. Wallace Chan Clearence: | Stanford University | 1957 ― 1961 | See Subprojects 70,72 |
| Subproject 72 | Perform research on the neurophysiological and pharmacological effects of central nervous system antagonists and synergists at Stanford University School of Medicine. | Contractor: Clearence: | Stanford University | 1956 ― 1957 | See Subprojects 70,71 |
| Subproject 73 | Establish whether susceptibility to hypnosis can be increased by use of drugs, such as alcohol, mescaline, scopolamine, LSD, etc. Also, to determine the extent to which various drugs possess specific “hypnosis-like” effects. | Contractor: Harris Isbell Clearence: | University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky Narcotics Farms |
1957 | |
| Subproject 74 | As the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology (SIHE) became better known in the scientific community and its reputation grew, the CIA decided that in order for to maintain its bona fides with the scientific community, the Society should fund selected smaller research proposals as a “cover”, even though there was little, if any, interest in or prospects for a product of value to CIA from these proposals. Consisted of many (in excess of 25) grantees, both individuals and institutions, in various parts of the United States and the world. | Contractor: Carl Rogers Clearence: | University of Wisconsin | 1958 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 75 | Studies of the effects of psychotomimetic substances utilizing psychological and physiological observations. Funds were also expended under this sub-project to assist in the publication costs of the proceedings of the symposium on “Specific and Non-specific Factors in Psychopharmacology” of the third World Congress of Psychiatry, Montreal. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1960 ― 1961 | ||
| Subproject 76 | To perform a one-year study on anti-authoritarian behavior as an extension of earlier Technical Services Division work on Communist prison methods as they affect U.S. Prisoners of War. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1958 ― 1959 | ||
| Subproject 77 | Explored the basic elements of two personality theories of David Saunders and attempt to integrate them. | Contractor: David Saunders, Educational Testing Services Clearence: |
Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey | 1957 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 78 | To provide complete micro-biological support ranging from research establishing production capabilities to meet Technical Services Division special requirements. Provides cover and acts as a cut-out for special jobs. | Contractor: Clearence: | Bacterial and Pharmaceutical Consultants, Inc. | 1957 ― 1964 | |
| Subproject 79 | The H. J. Rand Foundation of Cleveland, Ohio agreed to act in the capacity of a “cut-out” for the purpose of funding organizations engaged in very sensitive research. | Contractor: H.J. Rand Foundation Clearence: | Cleveland, Ohio | 1957 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 80 | To provide services of a very sensitive nature to conduct extraction and identification techniques of drugs, toxins and biological entities from human tissues. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1958 ― 1962 | ||
| Subproject 81 | Study of the adjustment of Hungarian refugees including tne psychological testing and examining of some refugees. | Contractor: Clearence: | Cornell | 1958 | |
| Subproject 82 | Problems of adaptation to life in Netherlands of Hungarian refugees of the 1956 uprising. | Contractor: H.A.M. Struik Clearence: | University of Nijmegen, Netherlands |
1958 ― 1960 | |
| Subproject 83 | To support an editorial and technical survey of graphology, ESP, subliminal perception, hypnosis, truth serums, expressive movements and magic. Graphology Journal and Cover | Contractor: Employee of Society for Investigation of Human Ecology Clearence: |
1958 ― 1960 | ||
| Subproject 84 | Study of the induction of high motivation in individuals by means of specific interpersonal relationships. Further to establish the limits of usefulness of hypnosis. Ultimate aim was improvement of agent assessment techniques. | Contractor: Marton Orne Clearence: | Harvard University | 1960 | |
| Subproject 85 | Establishing and substantiating “true identity” of individuals, either staff or agent, through the medium of blood groupings. | Contractor: Clearence: | Stanford University School of Medicine | 1958 ― 1959 | |
| Subproject 86 | design and build miniature polygraph machines and to study the feasibility of developing a polygraph for use on unwitting subjects. | Contractor: Clearence: | Stanford University | 1958 ― 1959 |
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| Subproject 87 | Further research on harassment techniques. This project was to investigate HyperAllergic (allergy-inducing) substances and to provide Technical Services Division with small quantities cf these substances. It was to support Technical Services Division’s “requirement to establish an offensive chemical toxicants capability.” | Contractor: Clearence: | John Hopkins University | 1956 ― 1966 | |
| Subproject 88 | To develop a training package which would assist case officer to understand his and other cultures in order to enhance his agent-handling capabilities. – Cultural Appraisal | Contractor: Clearence: | Princeton University |
1958 ― 1959 | |
| Subproject 89 | To determine the factors leading to the critical decision of certain Hungarian refugees in the United States to return to Hungary. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1958 ― 1959 | ||
| Subproject 90 | To study the scientist in |
Contractor: A. J. Wiener (?) Clearence: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 1958 ― 1959 | |
| Subproject 91 | To perform pre-clinical pha~acology studies required to develop nevi psychochemicals and to test the promising drugs on animals. | Contractor: Bio-Research Inc.,Harris Isbell, Charles Geschickter, |
1959 ― 1962 | ||
| Subproject 92 | Research into the feasibility of adapting teaching machines to foreign language training. | Contractor: John Carol Clearence: | Harvard University | 1959 ― 1960 | |
| Subproject 93 | Study of bacterial and fungal toxins Study (Used in Cuba) | Contractor: Bio-Research Inc and Panoramic Research, Inc, Clearence: | 1962 | ||
| Subproject 94 | “Investigations of the remote directional control of activities of selected species of animals.” Ultimate purpose was operational use of animals in delivery systems. Systems unspecified – could have included audio and/or photo devices (See 142 for assassination applications). (Implantation of miniaturized stimulating electrodes in specific brain center areas of animals – rats, donkeys, dogs.) | Contractor: Bio-Resedarch, Inc. and Panoramic Research Inc Clearence: |
1959 ― 1962 | ||
| Subproject 95 | Research in field of cross-cultural meaning systems (emphasis on semantics and communications) in support of agent handling problems and in technical supported political activities. Osgood-Western Psychological Assessment | Contractor: Charles Osgood Clearence: | University of Illinois | 1959 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 96 | To secure data on European research attitudes and personality information on researchers. The problem of understanding human behavior. Decision Making-Group Interview Methods | Contractor: George Kelley Clearence: | Ohio State University | 1959 | |
| Subproject 97 | Process of personality change during psychotherapy. Focus upon schizophrenics with control composed of normal individuals. To provide certain techniques of influencing human behavior that might have significance to the Agency. | Contractor: Carl Rogers Clearence: | University of Wisconsin | 1959 | |
| Subproject 98 | Research on some Aspects of mass Conversion. A study into the mass psychology involved in brainwashing, mass defection, etc . | Contractor: Kurt Lang Clearence: | Queen’s College | 1959 ― 1960 | |
| Subproject 99 | Services related to certain physical studies which are required to develop effective materials which will influence the central nervous system. Project also supported studies on the optical rotatory power of solid and liquid crystals. | Contractor: Clearence: | Pennsylvania State University | 1959 ― 1961 | |
| Subproject 100 | Investigations into soil microorganisms and methods by which maximum information could be obtained from samples of soil. Purpose- detection of |
Contractor: Clearence: | Pennsylvania State University | 1959 ― 1964 | |
| Subproject 101 | For consultative services on the biophysics of the central nervous system; probably on the storage and transfer of energy in organic systems. | Contractor: Clearence: | Ohio State University | 1959 | |
| Subproject 102 | Behavior of naturally formed groups of adolescent boys in Texas and Oklahoma as a function of group membership and environment. | Contractor: Muzafer Sherif Clearence: | University of Oklahoma | 1959 ― 1960 | |
| Subproject 103 | Study in non-verbal communication to assess communications between 16-year old children at a reunion of those who had attended a Children’s International Summer Village at age 11. | Contractor: Robert Cornack and A.B. Kristofferson Clearence: | Children’s International Summer Villages, Inc. | 1959 | |
| Subproject 104 | The study of the relationships between the two principal classes of micro-organisms involved in the deterioration of petroleum products for possible use in petroleum sabotage. | Contractor: Clearence: | University of Houston | 1960 ― 1961 | |
| Subproject 105 | To study virulent and non-virulent staphylococci, the varieties of toxins produced by the various staphylococci as well as the intensity will be determined as sub areas in this study. It is expected that the eventual goal of this investigation will be biochemical tests which will identify the organisms of interest. (CBW) | Contractor: |
University of Wisconsin | 1960 ― 1961 | |
| Subproject 106 | To study biological systems with particular reference to quantifying the relationships between a stimulus (e.g., Electrodes) and the biological response to that stimulus. | Contractor: Resources Research, Inc. |
1959 ― 1960 | ||
| Subproject 107 | Grant to American Psychological Association to support travel of selected psychologists to the |
Contractor: American Psychological Association Clearence: | 1960 | ||
| Subproject 108 | Recruitment of |
Contractor: Clearence: | 1959 ― 1961 | ||
| Subproject 109 | Study of potential psychopharmacological agents directed to the evaluation of interrelationships between molecular constitution and biological response. Purpose is to obtain data on biochemical ~characteristics of certain substance of interest to Technical Services Division. (CBW) | Contractor: Clearence: | 1960 ― 1965 | ||
| Subproject 110 | To provide a source of exotic pathogens and a capability to incorporate them in effective delivery systems. Establish a production capability and a sufficient supply of material to be maintained in a ready state to meet anticipated requirements. (CBW) | Contractor: Bacteriological and Pharmaceutical Consultants, Inc. Clearence: | 1960 ― 1964 | ||
| Subproject 111 | To study levels of motivation as related to certain personality characteristics and contribute to Technical Services Division’s long term interest in indirect assessment. One of the factors in making this grant was “to lend prestige to the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, Inc., as a worldwide funding organization.” | Contractor: H.J. Eysenek Clearence: | University of London, UK | 1960 ― 1961 | |
| Subproject 112 | Children’s Conceptions of Occupational Roles and Status. Grant awarded to support Society for Investigation of Human Ecology’s cover. CIA interest was in its application to selection of technical and scientific careers. – Vocational Studies in Children | Contractor: Melvin DeFleur Clearence: | University of Indiana | ||
| Subproject 113 | Experimentation related to design, manufacture and formulation of devices and systems utilizing gas propelled sprays and aerosols. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1960 ― 1963 | ||
| Subproject 114 | Continue Dr. York’s study on predictability of behavior during social alcohol (and possibly LSD) drinking and to develop behavioral rating scales which relate directly to the underlying motivation in human behavior. | Contractor: Clearence: | Butler Hospital and Health Center | 1960 ― 1961 | |
| Subproject 115 | Study of the interaction between the mentally disturbed and their environment. To gain further insight into additional factors which may influence human behavior and to achieve further development of the world-wide activities of the Human Ecology fund. | Contractor: Eric Allardt and Juhani Mirvas Clearence: | University of Helsinki, Finland | 1960 | |
| Subproject 116 | To utilize the services of |
Contractor: Clearence: | 1960 ― 1964 | ||
| Subproject 117 | Cross-cultural studies of family structure and personality development. | Contractor: National Institute of Health Clearence: | Cornell University | 1960 | |
| Subproject 118 | To provide the consulting services of a microbiologist for the Biological Warfare/Chemical Warfare detection program. | Contractor: Clearence: | Pennsylvania State University | 1960 | |
| Subproject 119 | Activation of human behavior by remote means. A review of literature and scientific developments related to the recording, analysis, and interpretation of bioelectric signal from the human organism. | Contractor: Saul Sells Clearence: | Texas Christian University | 1960 | |
| Subproject 120 | Establish laboratory procedures for testing the effects of drugs on the central nervous systems of animals. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1960 ― 1966 | ||
| Subproject 121 | Yoruba witchcraft study – African Witch Doctor study. Probably a cover for recruitment of promising young Nigerians. | Contractor: Raymond Prince Clearence: | McGill University, Montreal, Canada | 1960 ― 1963 | |
| Subproject 122 | To prepare and characterize highly purified NEUROKININ. Neurokinin is presumed to be a major medicator in the stress reaction. Further to study the physiological and pathological significance of neurokinin. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1960 | ||
| Subproject 123 | Investigation of Emerging |
Contractor: Clearence: | Columbia University | 1960 ― 1961 | |
| Subproject 124 | Investigate the possibility of inducing a drug-like state through the simple expedient of carbon dioxide inhalation. | Contractor: James Hamilton Clearence: | St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco | 1960 ― 1965 | See Subprojects 2 and 140 |
| Subproject 125 | Study at the Veterans Administration Center in Martinsburg, West Virginia, studying differential effects of drugs on behavior. The drug was d-amphetamine and the dose level was 10 mg. | Contractor: American Psychological Association, National Institute of Health, Veterans Administration Center |
Veterans Administration Center, Martinsburg, West Virginia | 1960 ― 1963 | |
| Subproject 126 | Human adaptation to disaster: response to stress and crisis. Results could increase sophistication of CIA’s |
Contractor: Charles Fritz Clearence: | University of Florida, National Research Council | 1960 | |
| Subproject 127 | A study of the open voting records of a selected group of Anticipated results could contribute |
Contractor: Clearence: | 1950 ― 1962 | ||
| Subproject 128 | To test a method of rapid hypnotic induction in simulated and real operational settings. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1960 ― 1961 | ||
| Subproject 129 | Computer analysis of bioelectric response pattern significance for polygraph. | Contractor: Clearence: | George Washington University, Leler University of Georgia | 1960 ― 1961 | |
| Subproject 130 | Investigation of Personality Theory on patients with different symptoms: indirect assessment. |
Contractor: William Thetford Clearence: | Columbia University | 1961 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 131 | Pay salaries, travel and other expenses of deep cover staff agent in |
Contractor: Clearence: | 1961 | ||
| Subproject 132 | “Realistic tests of certain R&D items of interest to TSD/CB (Technical Services Division/Chemical Branch), including a facility and personnel for the operational testing with complete non-attributability of sponsors.” | Contractor: Bureau of Narcotics |
New York and Chicago | 1961 ― 1964 | |
| Subproject 133 | (1) Information on the microbiological participation in mineral transformation: mineral transforming microorganisms. (2) Grant renewed to research for new and unique approaches to energy production and transformation (bio-batteries). | Contractor: Clearence: | 1961 ― 1963 | ||
| Subproject 134 | Study of relationships between body type and temperament (personality characteristics) for the purpose clandestine indirect assessment. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1961 ― 1963 | ||
| Subproject 135 | Research program involving the clinical testing of biologically active materials, which could be administered transdermally (through the skin) using human volunteer subjects. This project was cancelled before it got underway and monies authorized were transferred to Sub-Project 91. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1961 | ||
| Subproject 136 | ESP Research – Experimental analysis of extrasensory perception. To evaluate the possibility of using extrasensory perception in the intelligence field. | Contractor: Clearence: | 1961 | ||
| Subproject 137 | Handwriting Analysis – Complete an illustrated psycho-lexicon of writing and the written word. (This study on graphology was then 80% complete, and was later published with acknowledgement of the Society for Investigation of Human Ecology support. Possibly Dr. Klare G Toman – HEF-Handwriting Psycholexicon-Graphology (?) | Contractor: Clearence: | 1961 ― 1963 | ||
| Subproject 138 | Research on biomedical instrumentation To develop a capability for remote testing (Polygraph, EKG, etc.) for use in indirect psychological and medical assessments. |
Contractor: Clearence: | University of Texas at Austin | 1961 ― 1962 | |
| Subproject 139 | Role of avian (Bird Disease) vectors in transmission of disease. Purpose: Support facility for |
Pennsylvania State University | 1961 ― 1965 | ||
| Subproject 140 | Under cover of “Thyroid Research” the project was to design and conduct controlled experiments involving pharmacological and clinical tests on human volunteers. | Contractor: James Hamilton Contractor’s Clearance: TOP SECRET |
St. Francis Memorial Hospital, San Francisco | 1962 ― 1965 | |
| Subproject 141 | Not specified. | Contractor: Dr. Geschickter Contractor’s Clearance: TOP SECRET |
Washington, D.C. | 1962 | |
| Subproject 142 | Biological studies involving electrical brain stimulation of cold-blooded animals. “Some of the uses proposed for these particular animals would involve possible delivery systems for BW/CW agents or for direct executive action-type operations as distinguished from the eavesdropping application. | 1963 ― 1965 | BW = Bioweapon, CW = Chemical weapon, Executive Action = Assassination | ||
| Subproject 143 | To determine if the growth of microorganisms in petroleum products can be markedly increased by the addition of sub-static concentrations of anti-microbial agents. May have wide application to all areas of biological sabotage. | University of Houston | 1963 ― 1964 | ||
| Subproject 144 | Unknown | 1963 | |||
| Subproject 145 | Unknown | 1963 | |||
| Subproject 146 | Provide the services of a plant pathologist to assist in developing a philosophy of limited anticrop warfare. A study was made of sugar cane crop vulnerabilities, on a world-wide basis. | 1954 ― 1963 | |||
| Subproject 147 | Cross-tolerance between psychomimetic drug. | 1954 ― 1963 | |||
| Subproject 148 | To provide a mechanism to utilize the services of |
Contractors: Harold Hodge Contractor’s Clearance: TOP SECRET |
1963 ― 1964 | ||
| Subproject 149 | Support covert and realistic field tests on certain R&D items of interest to Technical Services Division/Biological Branch. | Contractor: George White Contractor’s Clearance: TOP SECRET |
New York City | 1964 ― 1966 | See Subprojects 3, 16, and 42 |
| Subproject | Description | Contractor(s) | Location(s) | Year(s) | Notes |